https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3804-321X

https://hq.ssrn.com/submissions/MyPapers.cfm?partid=2328542

https://independent.academia.edu/MohamedEbrahim10

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohamed_Ebrahim19

Bitcoin was the first Cryptocurrency, and today it is the most valuable as listed in the crypto or digital currency exchanges like Coinbase https://www.coinbase.com/. This trend to create global currencies, which are tradeable globally is driven by advances in secure ICT technology called Blockchain.

To learn more about these development ME School of Finance, Accounting and Business https://meschooloffinanceaccountingbusiness.edupay.app/#

presents several short courses among them

Bitcoin Trading Course – Never Losing Formula

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Cryptocurrency 101

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Get practice developing your portfolio of Digital and Crypto Currencies

These crypto currencies give pioneers, early adaptors free coins, as they assist the promoters to build their trusted network, hence they tend to give joiners names like verifier, witness, referrer etc. as they use the people credibility. As with any currency virtual or physical the value is determined by scarcity (store of wealth) and medium of exchange, hence when these coins launch on exchanges and are used a a medium of exchange, they need to be in circulation, hence the distribution to members. As with any high risk venture, some of these crypto’s may collapse. while others will create fortunes for the early adaptors.

Pi named after the ratio between the circumference of a circle and its diameter.

https://minepi.com/

You can practice mining an emerging Cryptocurrency Pi, which is designed to be a mass market currency for everyday use developed by 3 Stanford Graduates, 2 of them with a PhD and 1 with an MBA.

Pi is a new digital currency developed by Stanford PhDs, with over 10 million members worldwide. To claim your opportunity to mine Pi, follow this link https://minepi.com/mohebra786 and use my username (mohebra786) as your invitation code.

No cost, expect you time and data to log in every day in the app to start mining, your rate of mining is dependent on your circle.

Initiative Q a Digital currency for a revolutionary new payment system

https://initiativeq.com/dashboard

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Another upcoming digital currency which you can earn the currency before it is listed, is the Q initiative to develop a new payment system using a virtual currency, accessible from your mobile phone. You earn because you build their network and give your credibility to the currency to your circle of influence.

Initiative Q is an attempt by ex-PayPal guys to create a new payment system instead of payment cards that were designed in the 1950s. The system uses its own currency, the Q, and to get people to start using the system once it’s ready they are allocating Qs for free to people that sign up now (the amount drops as more people join – so better to join early). Signing up is free and they only ask for your name and an email address. There’s nothing to lose but if this payment system becomes a world leading payment method your Qs can be worth a lot. If you missed getting bitcoin seven years ago, you wouldn’t want to miss this.

Here is my invite link: https://initiativeq.com/invite/ZENW7D7zj

The Bee – On of the most hardworking creations

https://minebee.io/

https://crypto.com/price/bee-token

https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/bee-token/

A copy cat of Pi , similar in most ways. As we cannot say which Cryptocurrency will be the next Bitcoin, we mine several to spread the risk.

Go to Google play store download the App Bee network. Use my ID below as referrer.

Follow the steps to register Referrer ID mohamedebrahim786

Time Stope

https://www.timestope.com/

A South Korean based Cryptocurrency upstart. Go to google play store, download Time Stope App, requires verifier called a Witness put the ID below

Witness ID mohebra786

Available on Amazon in both paperback edition USD 9 and Kindle edition USD 2.99.

https://authorcentral.amazhttps://www.amazon.com/dp/B081LL9715on.com/gp/books/book-detail-page?ie=UTF8&bookASIN=B081LL9715&index=default

Islamic finance (Capital Markets, Banking and Insurance) has emerged from a niche financial market to the mainstream of finance. The geographic market, clientele served, products base and volume of funds have grown significantly. Furthermore, the players have increased and now include not only pure Islamic institutions but also hybrid players (the conventional bank with Islamic Finance windows). Therefore, not understanding the unique risks of the Islamic Finance model (risk-sharing and risk pooling) can cause a failure of the model igniting a financial crisis with a ripple effect on the Islamic faith. Hence, managing these unique risks is extremely important. This book would explore the subject of corporate risk management in the context of Islamic Financial Institutions, which are run on the Islamic legal and economic system, which prohibits Riba (interest), avoids Gharar (uncertainty), avoids Maysir (gambling or excessive speculation). 

This book is an attempt to answer a question in most people’s mind, especially who read financial statements prepared by Islamic Financial Institutions, is which financial reporting standards are these financial standards based on?  The author presents the view is that the financial reporting for any business should be based on International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) or the appropriate national reporting standards if the Country it is incorporated in follows National Standards (it is a no special consideration being an Islamic Financial Institutions), then the reporting should comply with the National Companies Act and Banking or Financial Services Act requirements, then only should the reporting being accordance with Accounting and Auditing Organisation for Islamic Financial Institution (AAOIF) aaoifi.com/?lang=en or Islamic Financial Services Board (IFSB) ifsb.org/. The reason behind this is the foundation of Islamic finance is the ethical values on which it is based on, which would not allow it to violate national laws. The guiding maxim being “hub ul watan minal imaan” loosely translated as “love of one’s country is part of faith”

I believe that, there is need to have a common framework for accounting and financial reporting for Islamic Financial Institution’s (IFI’s) to demonstrate to the common users of general purpose financial statements that the entities they are associated with comply, in form and in substance, with the principles and rules of the Islamic Sharia (“Jurisprudence”) in their financial and other transactions and also comply with the financial reporting requirements of the jurisdiction in which it operates in this would include International Financial Reporting Standards, national regulators like Capital Markets Authorities and Central Banks and (National) Company’s Act requirements. I would would however, would urge the International Accounting Standards Board to come up with an IFRS on Islamic Finance, which would give minimum presentation and disclosure guidelines and standardised formats of reports, which are specific to Islamic Finance concepts. 

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By Mohamed Ebrahim

This article was first published in Islamic Finance news Volume 17 Issue 6 dated the 12th February 2020.

The link is only functional until the 11th March 2020:https://www.islamicfinancenews.com/a-brief-overview-of-islamic-agricultural-finance.html?access-key=6b73e3e68e1204087db8f566beb01d57

The Islamic banking and finance movement is a revolution in the making for rural agriculture based farmers, with it being a major departure from conventionally accepted interest based banking. This Islamic agricultural finance presents the foundation for a potential transformation of peasant economies in North Africa (Egypt, Sudan, Tunisia etc) and parts of Asia (Pakistan, Indonesia and Bangladesh to be a healthy, agriculturally-based, Islamic economies.

The Mudarabah contract is likely to become increasingly popular choice as a mode of financing among poor rural agriculturalists, who seek capital to finance their agricultural activities. This is because the Mudarabah contract is more just, to the farmer and is not exploitive as loans originating from traditional village money lenders of these regions who charge exorbitant amounts of interest.

Issues relating to Islamic agricultural finance

Criteria of financing:

There is an undue emphasis on credit needs of farmers against performance of financing -related criteria like efficient credit decision-making and loan administration , the ability of borrowers to repay debt and risk-bearing by borrowers, contributed most to the current low level of penetration of Islamic agricultural finance. Focusing on credit needs may also have led to distortion of the costs of finance, not being aware of behavioural incentives to be given to farmers profit-making motives and the under-emphasis of agricultural output

Structure:

Islamic agricultural finance consists of informal and formal sources. Informal sources included unorganized Salam (the traditional Islamic mode for agricultural finance, forward payment with deferred delivery), sharecropping, and Musharakah mainly from family members and village money lenders. Formal sources normally include commercial banks and agriculture finance institutions set up by governments and non-governmental organisations.

Informal sources of finance have their own merits which include low administrative costs, simple procedures for lending, absence of collateral, suitability to the borrowing farmers needs and flexibility in repayment of loans. Depending heavily on informal sources of finance, however, have their disadvantages consisting mainly of the susceptibility of farmers to exploitation by lenders in terms of undervaluation of the borrowers crop for sharecropping arrangements and overcharging of interest by village money lenders.

Key challenges for development of Islamic agricultural finance

Challenges and problems encountered by Islamic modes of finance, as applied to Islamic financing of agriculture, are not due to inherent performance-hindering characteristics in these modes, but to structural, institutional and organizational factors most significant among which are the following: 

• Neglect of element of risk mitigating or transfer mechanisms, identified mainly as, marketing risk, default risk, crop price risk and macroeconomic risk. Sharing and transfer of such risks can be achieved by more prudent screening of borrowers, closer monitoring , rationing of finance, agricultural insurance, using of forward contracts for price risk and better utilization and management of collateral.
• Low level of market-based credit systems.
• Low level of regulation and supervision. This is mainly due to the public nature of financing institutions, whether specialized or development banks, which means less prudential regulation and supervision and lack of internal control mechanisms and efficient lending procedures.
• Emphasis on the goal of quantity of production increase versus the goal of sustainable production and long term productivity enhancement
• Low level of operational efficiency. Highly centralized operational structures, deficient risk management tools, absence of proper administrative accountability, technological obsolescence and shortage of investment in human capital.

Conclusion and recommendations

Institutional innovations

Institutional Innovations are needed to have a holistic approach to serving the Islamic agriculture finance niche, focusing on the overall “ecosystem” of the many products and services that are tailored to specific segments in different value chains, and leveraging aggregation and interactions among players in each value chain.

Agricultural Management information system

Management information systems need to be developed for the agricultural sector, to enable the development of a credit scoring system that helps evaluate portfolio risks and make better credit disbursement decisions. The credit scoring systems currently gives relatively minor weight to guarantees, focusing instead on performance indicators; helps reduce the time needed for approval and disbursement of agricultural finance; and allows decentralization of the decision-making process, without restricting appraisal capacity.

Delivery and distribution strategy

The delivery and distribution strategy related to agriculture and sustainable food security systems, may need to be changed as the knowledge of the farmers should allow the Islamic agricultural financier to avoid requiring real collateral as a condition for financing and should, rely instead on assessment of the viability of the farming enterprise.

Develop microfinance institutions

Developing microfinance institutions creates the potential for the coordinated provision of a wider menu of financial services to rural farmers, who would receive short-term financing, and micro-insurance from the same institution and long-term agricultural financing from specialized agricultural finance organisations. This would effectively solve the risk in agricultural finance, get implements financing and long term finance for purchase of assets like tractors and harvesters, to mechanise agriculture.

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RESIDENTIAL RENTAL INCOME

The following key pointers are important for you to ensure you comply with the MRI regulations from the onset and avoid the penalties and interest that come with non-compliance.

1. MRI is a tax payable by resident persons on residential rental income received.

It is payable by property owners whose residential rent income is Kshs. 12,000 per month (Kshs 144,000 per year) to Kshs. 10 million per annum.

2. The rate of tax is 10% on the gross rent income received. No expenses are allowed for deduction.

3. MRI returns are filed monthly through the iTax portal, on or before the 20th of the following month.

For example Rent received in January is declared and tax paid on or before 20th February.

4. Where there is no rent income received in a given month, you are required to file a NIL return for that month.

5. MRI is a final tax and therefore rental income declared under MRI shall not be declared under the annual return.

6. Late filing of MRI returns attracts a penalty of:

a. Kshs. 2,000 or 5% of the tax due whichever is    higher for individuals.

RESIDENTIAL RENTAL INCOME

The following key pointers are important for you to ensure you comply with the MRI regulations from the onset and avoid the penalties and interest that come with non-compliance.

1. MRI is a tax payable by resident persons on residential rental income received.

It is payable by property owners whose residential rent income is Kshs. 12,000 per month (Kshs 144,000 per year) to Kshs. 10 million per annum.

2. The rate of tax is 10% on the gross rent income received. No expenses are allowed for deduction.

3. MRI returns are filed monthly through the iTax portal, on or before the 20th of the following month.

For example Rent received in January is declared and tax paid on or before 20th February.

4. Where there is no rent income received in a given month, you are required to file a NIL return for that month.

5. MRI is a final tax and therefore rental income declared under MRI shall not be declared under the annual return.

6. Late filing of MRI returns attracts a penalty of:

a. Kshs. 2,000 or 5% of the tax due whichever is    higher for individuals.

b. Kshs. 20,000 or 5% of the tax due whichever is higher for corporates

b. Kshs. 20,000 or 5% of the tax due whichever is higher for corporates

7. Late payment penalty is 5% of the tax due while late payment interest is 1% per month.

FRINGE BENEFIT TAX

For the purposes of Section 12B of the Income Tax Act, the Market Interest Rate is 7%. This rate shall be applicable for the three months of January, February and March 2020.

DEEMED INTEREST RATE

For purposes of section 16(5), the prescribed rate of interest is 7%. This is applicable for the months of January, February and March 2020.

Withholding tax rate of 15% on the deemed interest shall be deducted and paid to the Commissioner by 20th of the month following the month of computation.

LOW INTEREST BENEFIT

For the purposes of section 5(2A) of the Income Tax Act, the prescribed interest rate for the period of six months covering January-June 2020 shall be 7%.

https://www.tuck.com/sleep-and-financial-health/

Quick Overview

Are you struggling to save up for retirement, pay off student loan debt, or simply stay on top of your monthly rent? You’re not alone. When it comes to worries that keep us up at night, financial woes consistently rank at the top.

Stress of any kind is one of the leading contributors to insomnia. Financial stress is no different. People in poor financial health are more likely to suffer from disrupted sleep, short sleep, and sleep disorders like sleep apnea.

Your financial health impacts your sleep. The reverse is also true. With poorer sleep, it’s harder to make sound economic decisions, stay productive, and cope with financial hardship. As a result, your financial health may worsen.

What’s behind the link between financial health and sleep? Below, we review the sleep issues related to financial health, and offer tips for better sleep and money management.

How Sleep Impacts Your Financial Health

Sleep and Financial Health Are Connected

Money is the top source of stress for most Americans, according to the latest research from the American Psychological Association. One in four adults feel stressed about money all of the time, with over half having “just enough” money to make ends meet each month.

Source: APA

The prevalence of financial stress has been confirmed by several other sources. According to PwC, financial matters far surpass stress over our jobs, relationships, and health.

Sleep Disorders Associated with Poor Financial Health

On a daily basis, people who are financially stressed get less sleep than their less-stressed peers. They also have a higher risk of sleep disorders like insomnia and sleep apnea.

Insomnia describes an inability to fall or stay asleep. Symptoms include daytime sleepiness, nighttime awakenings, and low energy. Chronic insomnia, which lasts months or more, increases your risk of developing long-term health conditions like obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.

Likewise, financial stress has been linked to an increased risk of dying from a cardiovascular event, as well as contracting metabolic syndrome, a common precursor to heart disease, diabetes, and stroke.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) describes a condition where the individual experiences temporary lapses in breathing while they sleep, resulting in a gasping or choking sound. Symptoms include waking up with a headache, weight gain, mood changes, and tiredness.

Individuals with OSA spend more than twice the number of days in the hospital than healthy peers. They also have nearly double the healthcare bills, amounting to an average difference of $50,000.

Either of these sleep conditions result in sleep deprivation. Sleep deprivation is what it sounds like: it describes a state of being sleep-deprived, whether that’s after an all-nighter, or missing out on just a few hours of sleep for days, months, or years.

Symptoms include trouble with memory, concentration, or focus; increased irritability, impulsivity, and mood swings; and a decrease in coordination and balance.

Finances and Mental Health

Just under 60 percent of Americans acknowledge that the state of their financial health worsens their mental health. Mental health issues are consistently linked to sleep problems, like taking longer to fall asleep and waking frequently during the night (both classic symptoms of insomnia). Reduced motivation, changes in sleeping or eating habits, and substance abuse are also warning signs.

Unfortunately, these are some of the same coping behaviors used by individuals with high financial stress, according to the APA survey cited above. For individuals with financial stress,  common “unhealthy behaviors” may include (in approximate order of prevalence): watching TV for over two hours a day, surfing the internet, napping, eating, drinking alcohol, or smoking.

These folks were also more than twice as likely to describe their health as fair or poor.

Source: APA

These behaviors can all seriously interfere with the quality of your sleep.

• Alcohol and smoking are both associated with higher rates of sleep-related breathing disorders, and reduced quality of sleep.
• Binge-watching television or surfing the internet requires the use of electronic devices. These flood your brain with the same blue light your brain perceives as sunlight, delaying melatonin production and your ability to fall asleep.
• Napping seems like it’d be good for sleep, but overindulging in daytime naps can reduce your ability to sleep at night, leading to insomnia.
• Like alcohol and smoking, obesity is equated with breathing disorders like sleep apnea. Independent of obesity or weight gain, binge-eating can also double the risk of sleep problems.

Income and Socioeconomic Stressors

Since the 2008 recession, the income gap between those who stress about money and those who don’t has widened. Only 18 percent of adults in higher-income households feel constantly stressed about money, compared with 36 percent of adults in lower-income households.Source: APA

Lower-income households are also more likely to regularly miss out on sleep. The CDC has charted a linear relationship between poverty status and sleep loss, as have numerous other studies. For example, one study found that the individuals making below $16,000 (Income Level 1 in the charts, below) can spend up to three times longer trying to fall asleep than those making $100,000 or more (Income Level 7).Source: American Journal of Epidemiology

A similar trend held true for racial and ethnic minorities. In fact, some studies have found that racial discrimination alone can be a stressor that leads to disturbed sleep.

These sleep differences may also be explained by conditions common to lower-income households and socioeconomic status, such as noisier and more crowded neighborhoods. Beyond financial stress, those living below the poverty line may also have food insecurity, which has similarly been correlated with fragmented sleep.

Why Sleep Impacts Financial Health

Financial stress makes it hard to fall asleep at night. Over time, those restless nights create a state of sleep deprivation, which in turn, impacts your ability to manage your finances wisely. Below, we review the mechanics of this vicious cycle, primarily through the effects of sleep deprivation on your cognitive performance and decision-making skills.

Reduced Cognitive Performance

Sleep deprivation negatively affects your cognitive performance, resulting in:

• Reduced attention and focus
• Slower reaction times
• Decreased ability to learn and commit learnings to memory
• Decline in short-term recall
• Increased errors and forgetfulness
• Microsleeps

All of these are bad enough on their own. Worse, sleep-deprived individuals have to expend even more effort, simply trying to be as functional as they would be after a full night’s rest. Further, when they do perform tasks well, their ability to do so swiftly declines the longer they keep working.

Plus, studies frequently find that individuals remain unaware of their sleep deprivation, so they may not even realize they’re making mistakes.

It’s common for people to see a list like this and shrug it off, assuming that the odd sleepless night or a few weeks without great sleep shouldn’t make too much of a difference. This only becomes a problem when it’s a chronic issue, right? Wrong.

These issues present after just one night of short sleep. That means that if you get less than the recommended seven hours of sleep for adults, you can expect to be as cognitively impaired as you would be if you had pulled an all-nighter.

One study found that the performance impairment of a group who slept six hours or less per night was equivalent to those who didn’t sleep at all for two nights in a row. That’s only a difference of one hour.

Unfortunately, this kind of chronic sleep deprivation is common. According to the CDC, about one-third of Americans experience this short sleep on a regular basis. The longer you stick to a short sleep schedule, the worse you can expect to perform as time goes on:Source: Sleep

Impacts in the Workplace

For workers, the cumulative effects of sleep depression often result in absenteeism or presenteeism. Presenteeism refers to those who come to work when they’re ill or fatigued, so they’re not able to perform at normal levels. They may be at work, but they’re not truly present. Researchers estimate the lack of productivity due to sleep deprivation could be costing the U.S. economy as much as $411 billion.

At a more personal level, these cognitive impairments can take a toll on your financial health. An impaired ability to remember things and stay focused makes you less effective at work, reducing your chances of getting a raise or achieving quarterly goals and bonuses.

Eventually, your productivity may be so reduced that you have to work longer hours, creating more stress and exhaustion. You may accidentally fall asleep during meetings, which your colleagues may interpret as you not caring about your job.

Increased errors at work can lead to poor performance reviews or job loss. Those who have physical jobs, like construction workers and others who use their hands to operate equipment, can be at particular risk. Workers with severe insomnia are 70 percent more likely to incur a work-related injury than their better-sleeping colleagues, and disturbed sleep nearly doubles the risk of dying in a workplace accident.

Impaired Judgment and Decision-Making

Cognitive impairments can have an impact outside of the workplace, as well. Sleep-deprived individuals are prone to rash judgment, poor decision-making, and increased risk-taking.

When you’re sleep-deprived, you may be more likely to make impulse purchases, or have a tougher time convincing yourself to stick to your budget. You may feel so exhausted that you make big purchases quickly, without taking time to shop around for the best deal.

One intriguing study from 2011 found that sleep loss impacts your brain’s ability to accurately assess economic consequences. When you make decisions while sleep-deprived, brain activity increases in the areas that process positive outcomes, and decreases in the areas that process negative outcomes.

In other words, a sleep-deprived brain is so attracted to an opportunity of monetary gain, that it’s less able to consider the potential negative consequences of an economic decision.“Even if someone makes very sound, risky financial decisions after a normal night of sleep, there is no guarantee that this same person will not expose you to untoward risk if sleep deprived.”

– study co-author Michael Chee, M.D., Journal of Neuroscience

The researchers were able to observe these changes in the participants’ brain activity. In the images below, RW stands for “rested wakefulness” and SD stands for “sleep deprivation.”Source: Journal of Neuroscience

How to Improve Your Sleep and Financial Health

If you’re struggling to improve your finances, the key may not be pushing yourself to the edge. Paradoxically, it may be as simple as getting more sleep. According to one study, increasing your average weekly sleep by just one hour could lead to a 5 percent increase in income.

Below, we share tips for getting a better handle on your finances, and your sleep.

1. Map Out Your Finances.

Sometimes, anxiety over money intensifies due to a nebulous fear of “not making enough,” even for those who make the most. When the unknown becomes known, it often becomes less frightening.

Sit down and take account of your finances and your financial goals. Then, chart out the income you need to earn, and the savings you need to build, in order to reach those financial goals. This process gives you back a sense of control over your finances, helping you feel more confident and less fearful.

2. Reduce Your Expenses.

The above process will likely point out areas where you can spend less money. Common culprits include eating out, entertainment, apparel, and consumer goods. Make a commitment to spend less in these categories, and immediately raise cash by selling items you no longer use.

Late fees can be another common, and unnecessary, expense. Save yourself time, money, and stress by setting up your bills to auto-pay.

3. Eat Better and Exercise.

Instead of overspending on restaurants, opt for healthier meals at home. A healthy diet makes for healthier sleep, and a healthier body overall — reducing your chances of costly illness and insurance claims. Good foods for sleep include leafy greens, cheese, eggs, nuts, fish, and beans. For deeper sleep, avoid eating anything too spicy, sugary, or heavy before bed. Likewise, limit your caffeine and alcohol consumption.

Pair your better diet with a regular exercise routine, too. Exercising regularly, particularly in the morning, helps tire you out by nighttime. It’s also a good stress management technique. Free forms of exercise include running, walking, or practicing yoga at home.

4. Build Your Savings.

Building up your savings relieves financial insecurity and helps you achieve your financial goals faster.  If you’re worried about retirement, start contributing to your employer’s 401(k) plan or set up an independent retirement savings account.

Experts recommend putting away at least 10 percent of your income into a retirement plan. If that’s not feasible today, start with 1 percent, then make a plan to increase it every six months or every year until you reach 10 percent.

Worried about losing your job or a financial loss? Build up a rainy day fund. Decide on a number, whether it’s $25 or $100, and automatically transfer it to a savings account each month.

5. Stay on Track with To-Do Lists.

Each night, before you go to bed, write down any financial worries you have. Taking them out of your head and onto a piece of paper helps you clear them from your mind, making it easier to fall asleep. Then, write out a to-do list with special attention to the tasks you can complete the following day to improve or maintain your financial health. This process has been scientifically proven to speed up the time it takes you to fall asleep.

6. Sleep Like a Pro.

Now that you’ve organized your finances, take the time to organize your sleep. Set a sleep and wake time, and follow them religiously each day. Going to sleep at differing times disrupts your circadian rhythms, making it harder to get regular sleep.

Treat bedtime seriously. Keep your bedroom dark, cool, and quiet. Take 30 minutes before bed to complete your financial to-do list, and prepare yourself for sleep. Calm yourself with soft music, reading, or meditation. Avoid using electronics.

Final Thoughts

Your personal financial health seems like a matter of money management. But, financial health doesn’t exist in a vacuum. The quality of your sleep directly impacts your ability to manage your finances wisely.

Poor sleep impairs your cognitive performance, judgment, and decision-making skills, reducing your ability to earn an income and make sound financial decisions. Sleep loss also profoundly affects various aspects of your overall physical health, many of which compound one another and contribute to more financial health problems.

On the other hand, good sleep supports improved productivity, focus, and all-around well-being. You’re better equipped to cope with financial stress, stick to your budget, and reach your financial goals.

Avoid the consequences of sleep loss by making a commitment to stronger financial health. Start with the tips above: mapping out your goals, reducing expenses, and building your savings. Then, stay on track with to-do lists and better sleep habits.

Additional Tuck Resources

Learn more about finances and sleep at the links below.

• Money Never Sleeps – Who Sleeps and Earns the Most
• The Economics of Sleep
• The Inequality of Sleep